Introduction The staining of hair below the eyes of a dog, which is more prominent in white dogs, is referred to as Tear Staining. Tear stains are dark or reddish brown stains under a dog's eyes and they are caused by an overflow of tears. The discolouration comes from porphyrins which are iron-containing molecules produced when the body breaks down iron. Porphyrins are excreted through the gastrointestinal tract, urine, saliva, and TEARS! All dogs have some porphyrin in thei

Introduction Dogs' ears come in various shapes and sizes, but they all share one unique characteristic - a long ear canal with vertical and horizontal components. This anatomic uniqueness of the dog's ear easily traps debris and increases a dog’s risk of ear infections. Naturally, dogs shake and scratch their heads when something is inside their ears to get rid of it. Instinctively dogs shake their heads in response to sensations, it could be itchiness or irritation in their