What is rabies? Rabies is a very serious disease, and one of the oldest known infectious conditions. It is an acute viral disease that affects both wild and domestic animals including humans who get infected from contact with rabid animals. Rabies affects the nervous system and primarily spreads to almost any mammal including birds. Once the disease enters the body, it travels by the nerves until it reaches the central nervous system (the spinal cord and the brain). From here

Fear-aggression is common in more sensitive and nervous breeds of dogs. It occurs frequently at boundaries and threshold situations e.g. in cars, next to the owner, if restricted, if the dog is cornered and cannot retreat. This type of aggression is unpredictable and associated usually with a low level of aggression which is rarely triggered. Identity of the class of stressors to which the dog reacts is important it may also occur during periods of stress or disease. It can h

Introduction Dogs can become aggressive, and a veterinary doctor needs to be consulted to rule out any medical cause. Canine aggression is a stressful, unwanted behaviour for both owners and veterinarians. When an animal encounters social situations that he or she does not like, aggression is utilized to change it. Usually, the animal does this by using threats to indicate potential harm should the encounter continue. There are various types of aggression in dogs hence the im

Introduction Excessive tearing (epiphora), is a common occurrence in dogs that may develop into a discharge that is clear, white, yellow or even green in colour. Tear production is a defensive mechanism to protect the corneal surface from contamination with debris and microorganisms. In healthy animals and humans, the tear film is a three-layered composite of lipid, water, and mucus that collectively creates a smooth, even optical surface. The composition of the tear film may