What is halitosis? Halitosis , or bad breath , is a condition in which exhaled air has an unpleasant or offensive odour (odiferous breath). Other terms used to define halitosis include 'foetor oris', 'foetor ex oris' , and 'oral malodour' . It is an unpleasant odour emanating from the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal system (Barko, 2020). Oral malodour is among the most common complaints presented in companion animal practice and is a clinically relev
Introduction The Skin Anatomy Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue in both humans and companion animals. It is a painful, spreading inflammation of the tissues under the skin (the subcutis). The most common causative agents in humans are Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus, while in pets, the most frequent species is Staphylococcus pseudointermedius , which is rarely pathogenic to humans (Bannoehr & Guardabassi,
