Cherry eye in dogs is a common term for a condition known as prolapsed nictitating membrane, nictitans gland prolapse, prolapsed third...

Introduction The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining the body's internal environment by performing several essential functions....

In animals, shock is a physiological phenomenon unlike in humans where it can either be physiologic or psychologic. Shock is defined as...

Horner's syndrome, therefore, is a collection of signs resulting in a constricted, small pupil (miosis); drooping of the upper eyelid;

What is Blood Pressure? The term "blood pressure" describes the exerted pressure on the artery walls both when the heart contracts and...

What is Canine Solar Dermatitis? Canine solar dermatitis, sometimes known as chronic sun damage to the skin, is a common dermatological...

What is Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma? Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic eye condition marked by progressive damage to the...

In primary closed-angle glaucoma, the anterior chamber aqueous outflow route is genetically abnormal causing an increase in the eye pressure

Tricuspid valve dysplasia is a congenital heart defect affecting both dogs and humans. It is an abnormal development of the tricuspid valve.

In medicine, the term "dysplasia" is used to describe the improper growth or development of cells, tissues, or organs.

Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint or joints, and the most common synonyms are osteoarthrosis (a pathological process distinct...

Canine haematoma, also known as auricular hematoma or "cauliflower ear," is a condition in dogs that results in the accumulation of blood...

Malignant (abnormal) lymphocytes are the source of canine lymphoma. Canine lymphoma, which is a product of the haematological (blood)...

What structures form the inner ear of dogs and cats? The inner ear of both dogs and cats is similar in structure and function to the...

The middle ear anatomy of dogs and cats is similar to that of humans. It consists of three main parts: the tympanic membrane (eardrum),...

What is otitis externa? Otitis externa is an inflammation of the external ear canal distal to the tympanic membrane (ear drum), with or...

Otitis is an ear infection that affects both dogs and cats. Numerous factors, including bacterial or yeast infections, allergies, and...

Unwanted mating or pregnancy, also known as misalliance or mesalliance, occurs when a female dog is in heat and has a mating that the...

Several months following a season, some entire female dogs and cats undergo some physiological changes that mimic pregnancy. This is...

Introduction Pannus, commonly known as Überreiter's syndrome or chronic superficial keratitis (CSK), is a chronic progressive corneal...